Key takeaways
- Smaller bubbles dissolve faster and stay suspended longer.
- Nanobubbles (<200 nm) can persist in water for hours.
- Saturation at 25°C and 1 atm is ~1.6 ppm.
Bubble size and residence time
Surface area scales as 1/r. A nanobubble has thousands of times more surface area per unit volume than a millimetre bubble, so dissolution into the surrounding water is far faster.
Persistence matters for bath systems: a microbubble rises and pops; a nanobubble stays suspended and continues to off-gas H₂ into the water.
Frequently asked questions
Without small-bubble engineering, most of the gas escapes the water surface before dissolving.
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Source content adapted from guides/nanobubble-vs-microbubble-hydrogen.